Evolution of Baking and Pastry Making

Evolution of Baking and Pastry MakingSYNOPSISThe purpose of this project was to actualize the evolution of baking hot and pastry making. How it has evolved throughout time, what changes and techniques came that helped in the development of this field and how this profession today is one of the almost fundamental professions in the food industry. enteringBaking is one of the preparation methods in which the food is baked in ovens using dry heat. Breads are the most commonly baked products, but some other food items ratful also be baked. When the heat travels from the surface to the centre of the products like cakes, cookies or bootys, it forms a stiff crust and a squashy centre and converts the batter or doughs into baked goods. A combination of baking and barbecue can be created by either provision twice or one before the other. Masonry oven is one of the concept of baking which is similar to smoke pit concept of barbecuing, therefore baking and barbecuing can be related.Or iginally baking was done by women at home for their possess consumption, then later on men started working in bakeries and restaurants and started baking for local consumption, as the time passed and technologies changed and big machines came into the market the production was industrialized and hence baking was later done by large machines and in gigantic factories. Breads being the common food are economically as well as culturally very important therefore the nutritive values see to be kept in mind. A professional, baking goods is known as a baker.EVOLUTION OF BAKERY AND PASTRY ARTSWHAT IS BAKING? training by dry heat method in large ovens is known as baking. Apart from cakes, breads and pastries meats, vegetables, poultry and fish can also be baked. (Adams, 2013)Baking can be done by three methodsDry BakingThe water content in the food rises and forms a steam, the dry heat of the oven and the steam organise combine to cook the food.Example Pastries, Cakes, and Baked Jacket P otato.Bain MarieWhile baking, the food is placed in a water container because of which the heat in the oven modifies resulting the slow cooking of food which ensures that the food is not over cooked or over heated.Increased Humidity BakingHumidity of the oven is increased either by placing a roller of water in the oven or by injecting steam, resulting in the increase of water content in the food and hence the quality of the food is improved.(Anon., 2012)HOW DID IT START?The order of baking first took place when the wild grass grains were soaked in water and then everything was mixed together and mashed into a broth like paste. Cooking of this paste was done by pouring it on a flat hot rock and was cooked till it resulted in a bread like substance. cook this paste on hot embers made bread making easier, since it could be made each time fire was created.Yeast was previously being utilise to brew beers, but Ancient Egyptians started using it to bake breads. The art of baking bread began around 600 BC in Ancient Greece which led to an invention of enfold ovens.The art baking bloomed in the Roman Empire. The occupation of pastry cook was known as the Pastillarium. It was the most respected line of work as pastries were considered most decent, and Romans loved to eat them in festivals and loved to celebrate with them. Hence the baking of pastries started on special occasions and especially for large banquets. Whenever a new cut through was invented by any pastry chef they were highly rewarded. Number of pastry chefs increased in Rome during 1 AD. There were 300pastry chefs at that time. Romans had their own mills to grind grain dredge and baked bread in ovens with chimneys. (Gisslen, 2005)BAKING IN MIDDLE AGESBaking as a profession alone disappeared after the collapse of the Roman Empire. It slowly came back in the latter part of middle age as an important business in the run of upper class. Bread making was no more done by homemakers it was continued by p rofessional bakers since the constant tending of the ovens was required. Ovens were usually disconnected from the expression due to the possibility of fire, they were generally outside of the city walls.Guilds were setup in France in the 12th century and were called tameliers or sifters, there job was to sift the dredge that was sent to them. During that time there were 62 guilds, and they were granted the ownership of manufacturing breads but not beyond the borderlines of Paris.When the bran is sifted with coarse sieves only some part of the bran is removed, white flour is made by sifting the bran with finer sieves which removes either separate of the bran or whole bran. The yield of the white flour is lower since most of the grain is removed while sifting hence the white flour was more expensive. In 1650 CE bakers started buying sifted flour from the mills.The weight, quality and cost of the breads were specifically decided by the royal decree. The loaves which were not of the appropriate weight were confiscated and then given away to the poor.Insurance against illness was also provided by the guilds each day a scupper or two were handed over to a hospital and priority hospitalization for free was in return guaranteed. Free breads were supplied to the executioner and were placed crest down by the baker who supplied it to them. They were kept upside to ensure the other customers that the hands of the executioner will not get in contact with any other loaves. People started believing that it was inauspicious to keep the bread loafs upside down hence giving rise to a superstition.The word tameliers was soon replaced by Boulanger which comes from the Picardy word Boulenc. The literal meaning of the word Boulanger is one who makes round bread.(Gisslen, 2005) (Gisslen, 2009)MODERN BAKING AND TECHNOLOGYThe time of great technical progress stared in the nineteenth century. With the development of automatic machines the task of the manual labor reduced and becau se of the development the bakers could perform many more tasks with the machines. Roller move was the most important technological development. Before this development milling of grains was done by grinding them between two stones, then the resultant flour had to be bolted of sifted numerous measure in order to separate the bran. The manual labor process was very slow and took lot of time but after the invention of Roller Milling the process became more efficient and faster. innovative availability of flours was another important development of that period, they were pornographic in the wheat growing areas of North-America. They were higher in proteins than compared to those grown in Northern Europe. This wheat was exported to Europe which led to large-scale production of white breads. galore(postnominal) more technologies developed in the twentieth century. New types of ovens and refrigerators came. bloodline transportation also played a huge role in the development of baking a nd pastry making. Transpiration of fresh ingredients around the world became more convenient.Many ingredients that were once rare and expensive are now easily available and reasonably priced because of the Preservation Techniques. Preparation and processing of food can now be done before shipping on behalf of bakeshops and food operations as modern food preservations technology comport made it possible. Hence convenience foods have come into existence. Cooking styles and eating habits have changed because of these developments.Evolution of cooking and baking has been going on for hundred years and still continues to. In the later parts of the twentieth century, travelling around the world became easy hence immigrants traveled in Europe and North America, which led to the increase in the taste and sensation for regional dishes. Knowledge about various culinary arts grew among the chefs apart from the traditional cuisines of other parts of Europe they learned about the cuisines of Asia, Latin America, and of many more different regions.Different techniques and ingredients of more than one regional cuisine came in use in a single dish and came to be known as uniting Cuisine, this cuisine can at times yield poor results as it does not belong to any one culture and gets to mixed up. Fusion cuisine was true in 1980s as the idea was fresh and new.(Gisslen, 2009)CONCLUSIONThe evolution of baking has took centuries to perfect, from the ages of the wild grass paste to the modern ways of bread making machinery. Slowly some of the technique are woful out of the scenario with raising health issue and concerns .People are moving out of the heavy fats and oils, moving into more of lighter fats and healthier flour. The future of baking will me more innovative ovens, healthier and whole grain breads and innovations in the bakeries organizations.LIST OF REFERENCESAdams, A., 2013. Baking. Online Available at http//dairyfreecooking.about.com/od/dairyfreeglossary/g/baking.ht m Accessed 3 january 2014.Anon., 2012. The Food Tchnology Website. Online Available at http//www.netcomuk.co.uk/media/bake.htm Accessed 2 January 2014.Gisslen, W., 2005. Professional Baking. 4th ed. Hoboken, NEw Jersey John Wiley Sons, Inc..Gisslen, W., 2005. Professional Baking. 4th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley Sons, Inc..Gisslen, W., 2009. Professional Baking. 5th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley Sons, Inc..Gisslen, W., 2009. Professional Baking. 5th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley Sons, Inc..