Portfolio for Continuous Professional Development (CPD) for third year Essay - 1

Portfolio for Continuous Professional Development (CPD) for third year radiography students - Essay Example Furthermore, I have been furnished with aptitudes of creating an enthusiasm toward confirmation-based practice and deciphering information from a mixed bag of sources. Predominately learning and close supervision in clinical environment will empower me to create capacity to work in a group. On the other hand, Radiography and imaging have provided for me the capacity to relate complex components of information to each other, to look for connections and incorporate branches of knowledge, hypothesis, and clinical experience and a discriminating and scientific methodology to information and proof. I have procured further union of fitting study aptitudes and of discriminating considering, improvement of critical thinking and examination abilities, and the capacity to consider and in this way create their practice and scholarly aptitudes (Gonczi 1994). I have created relational abilities at various levels. In addition, I have created the capacity to recognize my confinements in my general vicinity of practice. I am skilled to do stress on investigation, union, and reflection; capacity to handle cognitive many-sided quality; to assess; to apply information and new aptitudes in new circumstances; and to apply the specific to the general. Moreover, I will have the capacity to c onvey methods of examination in their general vicinity of practice (Greenhalgh 1997). The most evident learning difficulties confronting me identify with the effective fulfillment of their center proficient assignments in practice. Extensive learning for recently qualified radiographers originates from their commitment with the act as they progress towards getting to be knowledgeable experts in their personal freedom. The test of the work itself can prompt huge adapting, especially for the recently qualified. As indicated by Lave and Wenger (1991), Radiographers need to oversee patients under changing circumstances and act as a major aspect of a group.

Company briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company briefing - Essay Example This reformation helped injecting the profitable seeds of investment, creative ideas and advanced management methods into the main bloodstream of the organization. The expansion after this transformation has been at an electric pace, alongside with helping the sustainment of the century old tradition. Not only did it continue an ever-lasting tradition, it also expanded the brand out of China and into the world market. Numerous Formidable Fist Products LXL is a skilled operator, when it comes to creating maser pieces like the moon cake, from the lotus seed paste. In the long journey of about 120 years, LXL has evolved the quality of the moon cake, incorporating premium materials and traditional techniques. The moon cake is one of the brand-names of Guangzhou, used as a souvenir and also exported to various countries of the world like Japan, America, England, Canada, Australia, Germany, Netherlands, South Africa and part of East and South Asia. A fact that highlights the success of the product was the recommendation in the Asian Games 2011, to the list of recommended souvenirs. This small moon cake was an instant hit amongst the atheletes and people all around the globe. There are over a thousand traditional cakes and Dim Sum; such as Shrimp Dumpling, Beef ball etc, other than the moon cake, which the LXL produces and is famous for. The said products are made with traditional techniques to sustain the original taste and finesse texture of the product. The modern freezing technology has ensured the freshness and constant supply to the restaurants and hotels all around the world. Servicing the 5 Star Way The advancement of LXL is not confined by only the cakes and Dim Sum. LXL group has ventured in 5-star restaurant business as well, the restaurants ranking in the top 100 China at this present time. The main restaurant, placed at the ShangXiaJiu road, has a century old history associated with it. The history still reflects in the ancient style furniture and decorat ion style. Another branch restaurant located at Liwan Lake Park, where the best feature of this place is the option of enjoying high quality Cantonese cuisine in a genuine and quite Cantonese garden looking over the LiWan Lake. LXL has not compromised over fresh ingredients and top chefs in the city to ensure best quality food of the Cantonese nature. The high quality food is not the only reason for their success but also the amazing premium services they offer, has increased their fame many-a-folds in the industry as well as among the customers. The main target of LXL is the providence of a warm and comfortable environment for the customers to enjoy while they enjoy a fabulous dine-out experience, wither with their families or their business partners. The orders can also be customized according to ones own choice and liking. The customer satisfaction is the utmost priority on the wish list of LXL. Novelty: Our Driving Force Since the transformation of 2006, LXL has moved up to new heights of success. In the present market, LXL group offers catering, cakes, trading and food processing. Presently, 5 restaurants, over 30 cake houses and 2 food processing factories are being run by them. A cold ware house of over 30 tons storage capacity and imported machineries from Japan for advance food processing ha been set up to ensure optimum quality of the products. Creativity never stops

Development or environmental injustice Essay Example for Free

Development or environmental injustice Essay What does it really take to experience development? What are the defining criteria for development? Is development quantitatively measured or qualitatively evaluated? What are the key indicators of a developing or developed country? The answers depend on the person’s priority and preference. The expansion of metropolitan areas has been referred to as urban development by those who are after the material indicators of development- high rise buildings, wider highways, more cars and more parks. For those who are concerned with the long-term environmental and health effects of urbanization, they call it urban sprawl. For the purpose of having a common point of reference, let me use 1Dr. Howard Frumkin’s definition of urban sprawl: â€Å"the complex pattern of land use, transportation and social and economic development. † This complex pattern requires the extension of urban areas to rural areas, and thus converting the latter to urbanized locality. Urbanization implies vast forest and agricultural lands to be converted to different land uses. Sad to say, the list includes recreational facilities and parks which, for investment and environmental considerations are to be of least priority. Extensive roads construction which provides spaces for suburban dwellers to drive a car just to buy a pack of cigarette in the next block, is not suppose to be of immediate consideration. Besides this qualitative indicators of poor urban sprawl considerations, there are environmental threats of urban sprawl that are needed to be evaluated and be given high priority by the development advocates, as it concerns life of the present and future generations. 2â€Å"Automobile has been a prerequisite to urban sprawl. † (J. E. Anderson) The most adverse effect of heavy reliance to automobiles is obviously air pollution. In the United States, 3about 25% of all trips are shorter than one mile of these, 75% are by car. Another related 4study revealed that only 1% of trips in the US are on bicycle and 9% by foot. Do these figures present impressive urban development rates for the US? I am afraid not because the Netherlands has 30% accounting for transportation on bicycle. These facts rather provide proofs that vehicles are the leading source of air pollution. Despite modern environmental standards, urban air quality remains to be greatly affected by the emission of air pollutants from transport. In the 5US alone, 30% of nitrogen oxide and 30% of hydrocarbon emissions are brought about by mobile sources. In addition, 5carbon dioxide emission, which is the end product of burning fuel such as gas, accounts for 80% emissions. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas, with global warming potential. Needless to explain, development should no be measured quantitatively, that is by the number of cars that are going to and fro the streets of the cities. Rather, development should be measured qualitatively, that how much does it contribute to the quality of life the residents are to experience when programs relative to urban sprawl are push through. Housing development is a part of urban sprawl, which requires forest fragmentation. 6Chet Arnold of the Center for Land-use and Research at the University of Connecticut said forest fragmentation occurs when â€Å"large, continuous forests are divided into smaller blocks, either by roads, clearing for agriculture, urbanization, or other human development. † This means that housing development requires animal populations in the cleared forests to be thrown out of their natural habitats. Destruction of natural habitats accounts for great loss of biodiversity, which results to ecological imbalance. I agree that man deserve to have decent life and part of it is having a more comfortable living. But humans are not the only residents of the earth. We also have to take into consideration the floras and faunas as part of biodiversity. Let us remember that earth creatures are dependent on each other. Humans, being given the capacity to think and understand over the lower forms of life should see things beyond material and short-term comforts that development brings. Urban sprawl in this context alone is clearly an environmental injustice. Water resources are not exempted from the list of natural resources that are directly affected by urban sprawl. As requisite of urban sprawl deforestation brings forth water pollution. This is besides the effects of pollutants that directly come from factories, sewage treatment plants and local wastes, which are typical to urbanized cities. Rainwater that runs through the deforested lands are not effectively absorbed and thus flows downstream. This process results to lesser groundwater recharge, then water supply shortage follows. Added to the list of negative effects of urban sprawl to natural resources are noise pollution, the heat island effect, soil erosion and the declining fertility rates of soils. The main point of all these is that urban sprawl is the root of many environmental injustices. Air pollution, deforestation, water pollution, soil degradation and the destruction of biodiversity are results of a chain reaction from a single step to what others refer to as urban development. What humans failed to do and still refuse to consider is the future. Development projects, of which urban sprawl is a major player, are focused on comforts and pleasures of today and shortly after tomorrow. The next generation should be taken into serious consideration. There are things that still can be undone, but there are things that cannot. Natural resources that were destroyed can still be replaced, but it takes a century to bring them back to where they used to be. By itself, there’s nothing wrong with development. What makes it undesirable is its planner to consider the future. REFERENCES 1. Frumkin, Howard. Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Public Health Reports. May-June 2002 issue. Volume 117. page 201 2. Anderson, J. Edward. Personal Rapid Transit and Urban Development. Retrieved from http://faculty. washington. edu/jbs/itrans/sprawl. htm on December 19, 2006 3. Koplan, JP, Dietz. Caloric Imbalance and Public Health Policy. JAMA 1999. 282. pages 1579-81 4. Pucher, J. Bicycling Boom in Germany: A Revival Engineered by Public Policy. Transportation Q 1997:51. pages 31-46 5. US Environmental Agency. National Emission Inventory. Air Pollutant Emission Trends. Current Emission Trend Summaries. Retrieved from http://www. epa. gov/ttn/chief/trends/index. html on December 19, 2006 6. NASA. Urban Sprawl: The Big Picture. Retrieved from http://science. nasa. gov/headlines/y2002/11oct_sprawl. htm on December 19, 2006

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Introduction: The research is result of study project designed to examine few important parts of human resource management, which are hiring and selection process, sometimes suffering with under staffing and sometimes firing due to over staffing. This essay is also includes some of the recent theories about recruitment and staffing with reference to human resource management. Theories will be followed by literature review emphasising on concepts of staffing, managing people, recruitment and selection, practical and challenging problems. These theories will be followed by the research methodology of the case study research. This part is an overview of the research. It begins by background study to the research, followed by the research aim for this study. This part will conclude with a theoretical framework. Background Study Business process outsourcing sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. There have been a lot many companies entering the market which includes multinational companies coming to India and new organisations in India starting their business for these companies. Business process outsourcing (BPO) in India offers customer services; IT support, financial services and many back end services to many MNCs. The projections for theBusiness process outsourcing (BPO)) sectorare huge: almost five-fold increase in size from $11 billion to $50 billion by 2012 and a 50 % growth rate over the next five years as compared to 35% in the past five years. Two million jobs across the country in four years the BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) sectorsure has enormous untapped potential but mere potential does not amount to performance (Nexis, Financial Express, June 5, 2008 Thursday). BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) sector does not only cover international market but it also has a strong domestic market. Many big organisations outsource their customer services and other back office works to service offering firms. Indias domestic Business process outsourcing (BPO)) market, with nearly 500 players, is set to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 33.3% to touch revenues of $6.82 billion by 2013. The industry recorded a turnover of $1.62 billion in 2008. Voice processes in the Indian domestic BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) market contribute 55% to the overall domestic revenues while non-voice market such as offering solutions, back office works, makes up the rest. The domesticBUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO)market shows promise of growth, especially insectorslike banking and finance as well as the telecomsectorin the short term. The industry currently offers a range of services from customer care to research and analytics. Of this, the banking financial services and insurance segment contributes the lions share of 37% to revenues (Nexis, Financial Express, November 14, 2009 Saturday) HRM plays a very important role in an organisations success or failure. As the BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) sector was growing the requirement for strategic human resource management was increasing. According to Storey (1995), Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce using and array of cultural, structure and personnel techniques. As the competition was growing every organisation in this sector wanted to hire the best ones. Business process outsourcing (BPO)industry inIndiais witnessing a decline in attrition rates due to therecession. BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO)companies are hiring in smaller numbers and prefer to work with on-board employees to reduce costs. Genpact has recorded a decline of five percent in attrition to 21 percent in Jan-Mar 2009. EXL has recorded a decline of 12.8 percent in attrition to 21 percent. WNS (part of one of the top 10 BPO firms as per Business Today) has reported a decline of seven percent in attrition to 22 percent. Wipro (one of the top five firms as per Business Today)BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO)has reported a decline of five percent in attrition to 13 percent (Nexis, IndiaBusiness Insight, May 12, 2009 Tuesday). This research is going to be conducted in Adventity in order to understand what were the Human Resource strategies adopted by them, what went wrong and what should have been done. Adventity is a part of both domestic and international BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) sector. Its a full service KPO/BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) organisation for the Banking and Financial Services and the Airlines and Travel industry, offering solutions to clients across the globe. Adventity is a financial organisation working in Mortgage sector in US. In 2008 when mortgage market was suffering and all financial institutions were filing for bankruptcy, Adventity decided to increase its employee strength. With the help of its HR team Adventity started hiring on a large scale. Adventity is competing in the BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) market, where the competition is much ferocious than any other market in India. Every organisation in this sector wanted the best of employees in order to compe te. Thus it was very essential for Adventity to evaluate and manage its employment strength by adapting some of the key HR process. Thus Human resource management is one of the focused strategies of Adventity growth policy. Thus as discussed above, after knowing the importance and very essential role of recruitment and selection to human resource, this research emphasises on the human resources management which includes hiring and selection and removal process that affects Adventity. Research Objective: The major objectives of this research is to understand the effect of human resources management which includes hiring and selection and removal process that affects Adventity . The objectives are stated below: Hiring and selection process conducted by the human resource team in Adventity. Literature review assessment on hiring and selection and removal process. Evaluate the outcome of hiring and selection and removal process. Evaluate the affects of the same process on Adventity. Literature Review Business Process Outsourcing: In September 1989, Jack Welch, then General Electric Co.s chairman, flew to India hoping to sell products like airplane engines and plastics to the Indian government. During a meeting with top government advisers, Sam Pitroda, chief technology adviser of the late Premiere Rajiv Gandhi, surprised Mr. Welch by saying We want to sell you software. Mr Welch, by agreeing to start this business relationship, became the motion that started India on its way to becoming one of the strongholds of outsourcing and sparked the global outsourcing revolution (Solomon and Kranhold, 2005) Business Process Outsourcing, which began as an arrangement for necessity and later a major cost cutting move, has now evolved to become a mainstream management practice in number of industries. The increased uptake of outsourcing, particularly in the form of global-sourcing, raises a number of critical and crucial issues for corporate management (Currie, 1995). Recent years have seen dramatic growth in its use statistics indicates that business process outsourcing now an $180 billion industry (Anderson, 2004) and information technology outsourcing now accounts for over 35% of global information technology spending (Cap Gemini Ernst Young, 2003). Like any other move, there is a degree of risk involved with outsourcing (Aubert, Patry Rivard, 1998; Earl, 1996). Approximately 75% of outsourcing deals are unsuccessful and that American businesses wasted a lot of billion dollars on poorly managed contracts. Advances in transmission technology and deregulation of telecommunication facilities have resulted in the ability for cheaper global communication via voice and data networks (Namasivayam, 2004; Weinstein, 2004). The prevalent locations choices for this offshore outsourcing trend are India and china, primarily due to the potential of cheap labour cost arbitrage to achieve an overall reduction in operations costs. Recruitment: Recruit process refers to the process of attracting, evaluating and selecting the qualified and the eligible candidates for any position in the organisation. Human resource management is acknowledged to play an important role in todays dynamic business environment (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). Business process outsourcing firms, in particular, need to pay special attention to the management of their human resources due to the unique nature of their work where worker becomes the central figure. It is therefore important to attract, retain and keep employees motivated and efficient (Derry and Kinnie, 2004). The analysis reveals that the activities relating to recruitment are formal and structured across all the BPOs and the responsibility for the recruitment process is shared by both HR department and the operations department of the organisation (Pawan, Budhwar and Bhatnagar, 2009). The importance of recruiting is pointed out by Luftman et al. who named recruiting as a top issue for executives (Luftman et al., 2006). Moreover, the renewed increasing demand for BPO workers turns out to be a local phenomenon, but global in its scope and implications (Riemenschneider et al., 2008). The rising importance of the recruiting process is also recognised in practice, since more global operating companies started to standardise their worldwide staffing process recently (Eckhardt et al., 2008). According to Kim and Won, the recruiting process is the most time and cost consuming process among all the other human resource processes. Organisation are increasingly recognising the importance of coordination among the numerous different in staff recruitment (Kim and Won, 2007) as recruitment process in a BPO takes approximately one entire day as it includes many stages of different types of evaluations. Keim and Weitzel showed that applicants from highly values, with high expecta tions who contact the hiring agencies or companies via different modes of communications and media and apply for jobs using different forms of application (Keim and Weitzel, 2006). The candidates from diverse preferences for particular application forms split the applicants in different in different groups (Eckhart et al., 2007). In order to response to these different applications many organisations change their recruiting process. The forecast is that more organisations would outsource their knowledge-intensive business to India given the shortage of skilled labour in the US/UK and other markets, and indeed the potential cost savings involved (Evalueserve, 2004; Sen and Shiel, 2006). It is estimated that more than 250,000 people are to be employed in this sector by 2010 (The Hindu, 2006). Thus considering the speedy growth and the people-driven nature of this sector, competent human resource management has a very crucial role to play. Some of the reports suggest that one of the foremost challenges for these BPOs and KPOs would be related to recruitment, retention and nurturing i.e. training of appropriate talent (Evalueserve, 2004; RocSearch, 2006). Selection Process: The selection process can be defined as process of interviewing and assessing the candidates for a specific job profile in an organisation based on the criteria set by the organisation. The selection process is developed to determine the final choice, including an interview and how it will be conducted, the approach that will be used to sell the company, the methods that will be used to evaluate the candidates, tests that may be used and reference and credential checks. The process can be very simple or very complicated or intensive depending upon the job profile and the organisation. The main objective when hiring is to select the appropriate candidate for the appropriate job. In order to select the appropriate candidate an interview is conducted. Interviewing is still the most commonly used method of selection in Employment and the most popular selection technique in use in public and private sectors (Robertson and Makin, 1986; Shackleton and Newell, 1991; Williams 1992). The selection process is designed to decide the final choice, which includes an interview and how that interview will be conducted, the approach the organisation will use to hire the candidate, the evaluation method, the tests that may be used and reference and background check. Of all the selecting methods available, interviewing is the most heavily relied upon and the most difficult to master. The key to an effective interview is to remain focused on the objectives of the interview (Rice, 1984). Retention: Because of downsizing due to recession (Hirsch, 1987; Cameron et al., 1993) and hiring contingent employees (Pfeffer and Baron, 1988; Pfeffer, 1994), long-term organizational commitments are largely disappearing (Rousseau, 1996; Rousseau and Libuser, 1997) and high employee turnover has become common (Cohen, 1993; Hunt and Morgan, 1994). Under these circumstances, employees mobility decisions become a critical issue. Employee mobility represents the flow and exchange of workforces (Ehrenberg and Smith, 1994). For an employee, its his decision of to stay or to go, or retention or turnover. Employee mobility plays an important role in improving the match between a worker and a given employer over time (Ehrenberg and Smith, 1994). It also forces both employee and employer to remain alert of the big marketplace and to continuously study one anothers requirements. In this way, mobility actually performs a socially useful role by matching workers with those employers who will most value th eir skills (Ehrenberg and Smith, 1994). Attrition costs time and money to employee and employer both. Employers find replacement cost and hidden organisational cost high (Mitchell et al., 2001); employees find monetary and psychological costs taxing (Ehrenberg and Smith, 1994; Mitchell et al., 2001). Human capital theory (Mincer, 1962; Becker, 1962) considers voluntary retirement service as an investment in which the cost incurs well before in time and the organisation can earn return over a long period of time. If the current value of returns which is directly related with the attrition exceeds both monetary and psychological costs of leaving, then the employee will be motivated to switch jobs. If the discounted stream of benefits is not as large as the costs, the employee will refrain from switching jobs (Ehrenberg and Smith, 1994). HR Challenges in BPO/KPO Organisations: In India, the literature on human resource management in general grabbed attention after the liberalization of the economy in 1991. Few learnings have highlighted that the human resource task in Indian firms is beginning to adopt a more strategic approach in the management of this critical resource (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997). However, it has also been pointed out that these practices vary across sectors with marked differences between private and public sector organizations (Budhwar and Boyne, 2004; Amba Rao et al., 2000; Bordia and Blau, 1998). However, there is a prominent lack in researches on business processing outsourcing organizations (especially on KPOs). An analysis of secondary sources which are mainly articles from the press and business magazines and the some of the very rare available research papers on Indian BPOs, reveal that the basic cost-effective model of Indian business process outsourcing sector has started to weakening as income continues to rise on an per annu m basis at 10-20 percent, and in some of the scenarios the average revenue is declining. Few analysts are questioning the sustainability of the rapid growth of the Indian business process outsourcing sector and are worried that the industry after a while might burst like the dot.com bubble. Many HR-related issues are becoming obvious. For an example it was predicted that, by 2008 the outsourcing sector might face shortage of approximately 262,000 employees (Budhwar et al., 2006a). To add more, the sector has a very high attrition rate and many outsourcing firms find it difficult to retain their tenure and the best employees. Despite the fact that there is a huge number of students graduating every year, but the education system of many institute in India does not meet the quality required by this sector, thus the scarcity of new joiners is increasing. Due to the shortage, the hiring of new talent has become more expensive. Due to high attrition rates in the sector, every employee who quits the job costs the company another Rs40,000 to 50,000 (Â £1 Â ¼ 84 Indian rupees approximately) to recruit and train a replacement. At present, the quality of the sector has increased so high that for every 20 applicants in Mumbai, just one or two make the cut. Apart from this, emplo yees in the sector are experiencing problems related to stress, careers, and dissatisfaction at work (Budhwar et al., 2006a, b). References: Storey J. (1995), Human Resource Management: Still marching on or marching out?; in J. Storey Human resource Management A critical text, London, Routledge Nexis, India Business Insight, May 12, 2009 Tuesday Anderson D. (2004). Proactive Planning: A prerequisite for successful sourcing. November 19, 2004. Aubert A. B., Patry. M, Rivard. S. (1998). Assessing the risk of IT outsourcing. In proceedings of the 31st Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. Cap Gemini Ernst Young, (2003). The Outsourcing report: Making choices Insight into successful outsourcing. Currie, W. L. (1995). Management strategy for IT: An international perspective, Great Britain:Pitman Publishing. Earl M. J. (1996). The risks of outsourcing IT. Sloan Management Review, 37(3), 26-32. Solomon, J., and Kranhold, K (2005). In Indias Outsourcing boom, GE played a starring role, Wall Street Journal, A1. Derry, S. And Kinnie, N. (2004). Introduction: The nature and management of call centre work, in Derry and Kinnie (eds), Call Centres and Human Resources Management: A Cross National Perspective, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, pp 1-22. Pawan, S., Budhwar and Bhatnagar, J., 2009. The Changing face of People Management in India. Routledge, New York. Luftman, J., Kempaiah, R., and Nash, E. (2006). Key Issues for IT Executives 2005. MIS Quarterly Executive, 5(2):81-99. Riemenschneider, C. K., Moore, J. E., and Armstrong, D. (2008). Call for papers Special issue on meeting the renewed demand for IT workers, European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS). http://www.palgravejournals. com/ejis/CFP-EJIS-ITWorkers.pdf (visited 06/05/2008). Eckhardt, A., Weitzel, T., Koenig, W., and Buschbacher, J. (2007). How to convince people who dont like IT to use IT A case study on eRecruiting. In Proceedings of the 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems. AMCIS 2007. Kim, G.-M. and Won, H. J. (2007). HR BPO service models for small and medium enterprises. Business Process Management Journal, 13(5):694-706. Keim, T. and Weitzel, T. (2006). Strategies for hiring IT professionals: An empirical analysis of employer and job seeker behavior on the IT labor market. In Proceedings of the 2006 Americas Conference on Information Systems. AMCIS 2006. Evalueserve (2004), The next big opportunity moving up the value chain from BPO to KPO, Evalueserve, available at: www.evalueserve.com/Media-And-Reports/WhitePapers/NextBigOpportunityMovinguptheValueChainFromBPOtoKPO.pdf Sen, F., Shiel, M. (2006), From business process outsourcing (BPO) to knowledge process outsourcing (KPO): some issues, Human Systems Management, Vol. 25 pp.145-55. The Hindu (2006), India preferred destination for KPO, The Hindu, Vol. 21 August. RocSearch (2006), Knowledge services market beyond the hype: will India deliver?, Rocsearch Limited, available at: www.rocsearch.com/Media/KnowledgeServicesMarket.pdf, Robertson, I.T., Makin, P.J. (1986), Management selection in Britain: a survey and critique, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 59 No.1, Shackleton, V.J., Newell, S. (1991), Management selection: a comparative survey of methods used in top British and French Companies, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 64 pp.13-36. Rice, C. (1984). Getting Good People and Keeping Them.American Management Association, Publications Group: New York. Hirsch, P. (1987), Pack Your Own Parachute: How to Survive Mergers, Takeovers, and Other Corporate Disasters, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Cameron, K.S., Freeman, S.J. and Mishra, A.K. (1993), Downsizing and redesigning organizations, in Huber, G.P. and Gluck, W.H. (Eds), Organizational Change and Redesign, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Pfeffer, J. and Baron, J. (1988), Taking the workers back out, Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 10, pp. 257-303. Pfeffer, J. (1994), Competitive Advantage through People, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Rousseau, D. (1996), Changing the deal while keeping the people, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 50-61. Rousseau, D. and Libuser, C. (1997), Contingent workers in high risk environments, California Management Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 103-23. Cohen, A. (1993), Organizational commitment and turnover: a meta-analysis, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 36 No. 5, pp. 1140-57. Hunt, S.D. and Morgan, R.M. (1994), Organizational commitment: one of many commitments or key mediating construct?, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37 No. 6, pp. 1568-87. Ehrenberg, R. and Smith, R. (1994), Modern Labor Economics, Addison-Wesley, Wokingham. Mitchell, T.R., Holtom, B.C., Lee, T.W., Sablynski, C.J. and Erez, M. (2001), Why people stay: using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 1102-21. Mincer, J. (1962), On-the-job training: costs, returns, and some implications, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 70, pp. S50-S79. Becker, G.S. (1962), Investment in human capital: a theoretical analysis, Journal of Political Economics, Vol. 70, pp. 9-49. Budhwar, P., Sparrow, P. (1997), Evaluating levels of strategic integration and devolvement of human resource management in India, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 8 pp.476-94. Budhwar, P., Boyne, G. (2004), Human resource management in the Indian public and private sectors: an empirical comparison, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 15 No.2, pp.346-70. Amba-Rao, S.C., Petrick, J.A., Gupta, J.N.D., Von der Embse, T.J. (2000), Comparative performance appraisal practices and management values among foreign and domestic firms in India, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 11 No.1, pp.60-89. Bordia, P., Blau, G. (1998), Pay referent comparison and pay level satisfaction in private versus public sector organizations in India, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 9 No.1, pp.155-67. Budhwar, P.S., Luthar, H.K., Bhatnagar, J. (2006a), The dynamics of HRM systems in Indian BPO firms, Journal of Labour Research, Vol. 27 No.3, pp.339-60. Budhwar, P., Varma, A., Singh, V., Dhar, R. (2006b), HRM systems of Indian call centres: an exploratory study, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 17 No.5, pp.881-97.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Escape Symbolism :: Glass Menagerie essays

Escape Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie If we take a look at the different symbols used throughout the play, I think that the most important one when it comes to escape is the fire escape. It is in the center from the very beginning, when Tom makes his opening addressing to the audience from it. To understand the role of the fire escape one has to see that it serves a different purpose for each of the characters. In general we can say that it represents the borderline between freedom and imprisonment. Apart from this, the different characters see it in different ways. For Tom, the fire escape is an opportunity to get away from the apartment and his nagging mother. For Amanda, on the other hand, it's a door through which gentleman callers for Laura can come into their apartment / into their world. For Laura, even though she's been outside, it's the border between the safe and the dangerous, between the known and the unknown. Also the Dance Hall across the street can be seen as a symbol of escape. Its name, Paradise Dance Hall, is a contrast to the lives of the characters, and to the current situation in the world as seen in the play. Also, Laura spends much of her time listening to her mothers' old records, hearing the same old music over and over again. I believe that the music coming from the dance hall can be interpreted to be Laura's possibility to escape from her monotonous life, a possibility that she cannot currently utilise. The last symbol that I see as important for the theme is the father of Tom and Laura, Mr. Wingfield. He is the ultimate symbol of escape, as he has actually managed to get away. The fact that Amanda still has his picture on the wall tells us something about another way that she is attempting to escape; by keeping hold of the past, as the picture is probably there to remind of the good

Role of Women in Hemmingways Hills like White Elephants, Lawrences Th

Role of Women in Hemmingway's Hills like White Elephants, Lawrence's The Horse Dealers Daughter and Faulkner's A Rose for Emily The role of women in society is constantly questioned and for centuries women have struggled to find their place in a world that is predominantly male oriented. Literature provides a window into the lives, thoughts and actions of women during certain periods of time in a fictitious form, yet often truthful in many ways. Ernest Hemmingway's "Hills like White Elephants", D.H. Lawrence's "The Horse Dealers Daughter" and William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" each paint a picture of a woman who has failed to break away from her male companion, all describing a stereotypically dominated woman. Through submissive natures, compliant attitudes, and shattered egos the three women each struggle to live their lives in accordance to men, using only silent means of escape. In Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" we are introduced to Jig. Jig is a woman who lacks the ability to make decisions without constant approval and recognition from a man who has impregnated her but who would rather she aborts the baby. Jig, unfortunately, cannot make decisions on her own, which is exemplified throughout the story, depicting her weak and dependent personality. "What should we drink?" From the opening line of the story we are introduced to a character that questions rather than acts. Someone who is unsure of not only herself but the relationship she is involved in. Though a simple question about what beverage to order can often appear courteous, this is only the first of many examples pertaining to Jig's inability to live her life as an individual. Later she questions her purpose in life, "That's all we do isn't it-look... ... Emily's lack of ability to let any male dominant leave her life. She murdered this man so that she could have him with her at all times until she too could die. Emily never left her house, hiding from the world. Only in the company of a man would she venture out into the streets. Emily suffered from a lack of ability to let go and an uncontrollable desire to hold on to those men who would control her life. In all three stories women are represented in a tragic, pitiful light. In a society, those today supports women's abilities to be independent and live their lives as they chose once lived subordinate, dependent women. Stories such as these have helped to shape the present day's understanding of women's place in society. Works Cited  · Geddes, Gary, ed. The Art of Short Fiction. (pp.399-409) and (pp. 322-325)  · Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily

Illumination Rounds

In Smoke Drug use Is often viewed as a way to create or enhance an activity, but some drugs are commonly used for other reasons. In â€Å"Illumination Rounds† by Michael Herr, Herr documents his experiences during the Vietnam War. He writes about the wide use of marijuana to help soldiers, and even journalists, cope with the stress that comes from being in a war. The use of marijuana to relieve stress is still prevalent in today's society, both in popular culture and real life. Many artists such as Bob Marble, Asher Roth and 8. . 8. Openly express their affection for marijuana and the short term lease of stress smoking marijuana gives them. Researchers are finding that not only Is the use of marijuana to relieve stress seen In Vietnam and popular culture today, but it is also a problem among a rising number of youth throughout the united States, and even beyond. â€Å"Illumination Rounds† was published in 1969 and was a firsthand account by Michael Herr about his time c overing the war in Vietnam. The essay is made up of a collection experiences.These vignettes often are about the stress and hardships of being In a war on the other side of the world, fighting for someone else's freedoms. Of the ways Herr writes that soldiers dealt with the stress of war, drugs was the most prevalent. The primary drug written about is â€Å"grass† or marijuana. There are multiple accounts of Herr smoking marijuana with soldiers. In one account he goes to a soldier's house off base and they smoke marijuana before some friends come over, then smoke more once the friends show up. A second time is when he Is waiting for a helicopter to depart for where he needs to go.He waits with a soldier who is trying to get on a helicopter to a different location, but while they wait together they smoke a â€Å"joint† and share stories. In popular culture there are many references to the use of marijuana to relieve stress and escape the troubles of life. In a song enti tled â€Å"Cloud 9† by Bobby Ray Simmons, or known by his stage name as B. O. B. , he talks about this very use of marijuana. 8. 08. Opens the song by saying, I am walking along a very cold road and Wherever It ends and where It begins I do not know But I've noticed that He keeps rolling' that It'll take you anywhere no matter where you're going' (B. . B. â€Å"Cloud 9†) In this excerpt B. O. B. Is referencing the long path he is on to try to sign with a record label. He says he does not know where his Journey begins or ends, but rolling up a joint takes him away from the long path to wherever he wants to be. Because It Is taking him away from his struggles to get signed, he says he â€Å"keeps rolling' that† to escape. The use of marijuana to escape the hardships is brought up again later in the first verse of the song when he says, It mint goanna be no pain I'm about to let it go. Goodbye, I'll be gone for a while I'm on cloud 9. (B. . B. â€Å"Cloud 9† ) This Is a direct reference to letting the pain of his past denials and stresses of a marijuana induced high. Both the soldiers and B. O. B. Use marijuana to escape the pain and stress of life. Due to the fact that the high only lasts a limited time, they continually smoke more marijuana to escape. Both B. O. B. And the soldiers in Vietnam have to deal with a struggle to cope with the growing pains of having to mature quickly and the stress of being on a Journey that the ending is nowhere in sight. The types of pain as well as the levels of stress endured by B. . B. And soldiers in Vietnam may not be comparable, but the method to deal with their hardships is the same, smoking marijuana. The use of party drugs, such as marijuana, is more common than previously thought. The use of these drugs to mask the stresses of life is at an all time high, and continually on the rise. The alarming rise in abuse of party drugs was a main topic at the Cesar E. Shave Behavioral Health Conference ea rlier in March. The conference was discussed in an article entitled â€Å"Expert: Teens use party drugs to deal with stress,† written for The Arizona Republic.Karol Jumpier, a researcher and substance abuse treatment expert from the University of Utah, explained this problem during he conference when she said, â€Å"In the last two or three years, we've had a significant surge in alcohol, ecstasy, prescription drugs and marijuana use among teens. And you notice that those are all the party drugs. † (â€Å"Expert: Teens use party drugs to deal with stress†). The article goes on to explain that she believes this rise in the use of these drugs is due to the economic stresses and a lack of time parents spend with their children.She said that â€Å"parents have spent about one-third less time with their kids over the past three years, an average of 4. 2 hours per week† (â€Å"Expert: Teens use arty drugs to deal with stress†). The lack of time spent wit h parents around raises the amount of independence required of kids who shouldn't have to be on their own. Being alone and having to do homework without someone to help or having to make yourself a meal can be very stressful for someone too young to have such independence. Kids turning to party drugs is very similar to the soldiers in Vietnam who used many of the same drugs.Both were, for the most part, young and overwhelmed by responsibility and their surroundings. The soldiers were fighting a war, which many f them were drafted into as opposed to signing up, that was horrific beyond imagination at an age where many should have still been in school. They were all forced to grow up quickly or risk death from not being prepared for life. Kids who don't have their parents around face the same issue as the soldiers, they have to grow up too quickly. The stress of having to be mature and responsible beyond your years is what has driven a rising number of youth to turn to drugs, such as marijuana, to cover the stress.Marijuana use is becoming more prevalent in society and culture in today's life, such like it was during the Vietnam War. The use of marijuana to help alleviate stress was documented by Michael Herr in â€Å"Illumination Rounds† and by B. O. B. In his song â€Å"Cloud 9†. Researchers and experts are documenting a sharp and continuing increase in the use of drugs like marijuana to deal with stress. Due to the rising number of households with all present parents work, there is little that can be done to help curtail the rising number of teens turning to drugs. Better and more readily and out of danger.Educating the youth on the negative effects drugs can have on the odd is another way to prevent kids from turning to drugs as a stress reliever. The biggest impact, however, can be made if entertainers and people kids look up to do not glorify the use of drugs. In Hip-Hop, the most prevalent music among inner-city neighborhoods with at risk yo uth, the use of drugs is promoted and talked about as if it is a normal and acceptable way to deal with stress. If a culture could be created where the people kids look up to do not promote drugs, the next generation may be able to avoid the feeling that drugs are the only way to deal with stress.